IsiXhosa
English
Español
Português
русский
français
日本語
Deutsch
Tiếng Việt
Italiano
Nederlands
ไทย
Polski
한국어
Svenska
magyar
Malay
বাংলা
Dansk
Suomi
हिन्दी
Pilipino
Türk
Gaeilge
عربى
Indonesia
norsk
اردو
čeština
Ελληνικά
Українська
Javanese
فارسی
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
नेपाली
Burmese
български
ລາວ
Latine
Қазақ
Euskal
Azərbaycan
slovenský
Македонски
Lietuvos
Eesti Keel
Română
Slovenski
मराठी
Српски
Esperanto
Afrikaans
Català
עִברִית
Cymraeg
Galego
Latvietis
icelandic
יידיש
Беларус
Hrvatski
Kreyòl ayisyen
Shqiptar
Malti
lugha ya Kiswahili
አማርኛ
Bosanski
Frysk
ជនជាតិខ្មែរ
ქართული
ગુજરાતી
Hausa
Кыргыз тили
ಕನ್ನಡ
Corsa
Kurdî
മലയാളം
Maori
Монгол хэл
Hmong
IsiXhosa
Zulu
Punjabi
پښتو
Chichewa
Samoa
Sesotho
සිංහල
Gàidhlig
Cebuano
Somali
Точик
O'zbek
Hawaiian
سنڌي
Shinra
հայերեն
Igbo
Sundanese
Lëtzebuergesch
Malagasy
Yoruba
Javanese
Banbala
Pokjoper
Divih
Philippine
Gwadani
Elokano
Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji, iteyiphu yokufudumeza yombane ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemibhobho yokuthutha ioyile. Ukusetyenziswa kwetape yokufudumeza kombane akugcini nje ukuphucula ukuthuthwa kweepayipi, kodwa kunika inkxaso eqinile yokuphuhliswa kweshishini lepetroleum.
I-tape yokufudumeza kombane sisixhobo sokufudumeza esakhiwe ngepolymer eqhubayo kunye neengcingo ezimbini ezihambelanayo. Ngokubonelela ngamandla ombane kwiintambo, iingcingo zivelisa ukushisa, ngaloo ndlela zigcina umbhobho ngaphakathi kwinqanaba elithile lokushisa. Kwimibhobho yokuthutha ioli, ukusetyenziswa kweetape zokufudumala zombane kubonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo.
Okokuqala, iteyiphu yokufudumeza yombane ikhusela ulwelo olungaphakathi kwimibhobho ekubeni ngumkhenkce. Ngamaxesha abandayo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezibandayo, ulwelo olungaphakathi kwimibhobho lunokukhenkceka lula, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imibhobho ivaleke. Ukufudumala kwe-tape yokufudumala yombane kunokugcina ulwelo ngaphakathi kombhobho kwiqondo lokushisa elithile, ngaloo ndlela ukuthintela ukwenzeka kweqhwa. Oku akuqinisekisi nje ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lombhobho, kodwa kwakhona kuthintela ilahleko yezoqoqosho ebangelwa kukuvaleka kwemibhobho.
Okwesibini, iteyiphu yokufudumeza yombane inokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lwemibhobho. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuthutha i-oyile, ngenxa yengxabano ngaphakathi kombhobho kunye nempembelelo yendawo yangaphandle, iqondo lokushisa ngaphakathi kombhobho liya kuhla, ngaloo ndlela lichaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kokuthutha. Impembelelo yokufudumala ye-tape yokufudumala yombane inokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kombhobho buzinzile, ngaloo ndlela kuphuculwe ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lombhobho. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yesiphumo sokufudumeza kweteyiphu yokufudumeza kombane, ulwelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho lunokwandiswa, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe ukuxhathisa ngaphakathi kumbhobho nokuphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lombhobho.
Ukongeza, iteyiphu yokufudumeza yombane inokuphucula ukhuseleko lwemibhobho. Ngethuba lokuthuthwa kweoli, ngenxa yoxinzelelo ngaphakathi kwipayipi kunye nefuthe lendawo yangaphandle, umbhobho unokugqabhuka ngokulula okanye ukuvuza. Ukufudumala kwe-tape yokufudumala yombane kunokugcina ubushushu ngaphakathi kombhobho uzinzile kwaye ugweme ukuguqulwa kombhobho okanye ukuphuka okubangelwa utshintsho lweqondo lokushisa. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yefuthe lokufudumala kweteyiphu yokufudumeza kombane, ulwelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho lunokwandiswa, ngokwenjenjalo kuncitshiswe uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho nokuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lombhobho.
Kwizicelo ezibonakalayo, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe. Okokuqala, imodeli efanelekileyo kunye neenkcukacha zetape yokufudumala yombane kufuneka zikhethwe ngokwemiqathango ethile yepayipi kunye neemfuno zokuthutha. Okwesibini, qinisekisa ukuba ukufakwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeteyiphu zokufudumeza zombane kuhambelana nemimiselo efanelekileyo yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zokusebenza. Ekugqibeleni, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa kweetape zokufudumala zombane kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwabo okuqhelekileyo kunye nobomi benkonzo yexesha elide.
Ngenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji kunye nokwandiswa okuqhubekayo kweendawo zokufaka izicelo, amathuba okusetyenziswa kweeteyipu zokufudumeza zombane kwimibhobho yokuthutha ioyile nayo ibanzi kakhulu. Kwixesha elizayo, uphando olongezelelweyo kunye nokuphuculwa kweeteyiphu zokufudumeza kombane kunokuphucula ukusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ukuze kufezekiswe ukuthutha ioli, ekhuselekileyo kunye nethembekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, iiteyipu zokufudumeza zombane nazo zingasetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo, ezifana neekhemikhali, amayeza, ukutya kunye namanye amashishini ukuhlangabezana neemfuno kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Isishwankathelo, ukusetyenziswa kweeteyiphu zokufudumeza zombane kwimibhobho yokuthutha ioli kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ayinakuthintela kuphela ulwelo olungaphakathi kumbhobho ekukhenkcezeni nasekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kothutho lombhobho, kodwa nokuphucula ukhuseleko lombhobho. Ngoko ke, kwinkqubo yokuthuthwa kweoli, izibonelelo zobuchwepheshe zombane wokufudumeza umbane kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye iindlela zabo zokusetyenziswa kufuneka ziqhubeke ziphuculwe ukuze zifezekiseke ngakumbi, zikhuselekile, kwaye zithembeke ngakumbi ukuthuthwa kweoli.